When researching a company it is important to know if the company is public or private.
Public Companies
All companies traded in an American exchange are publicly owned companies and are required to submit official filings to the SEC. Included in these filings are 10-Ks, 10-Qs, proxy statements, prospectuses, and annual reports. These filings are available to the general public, and it is therefore easier to find information on public companies.
Private Companies
Private companies do not sell publicly traded stocks and as a result, are not subject to the SEC’s reporting requirements. For this reason it may be more difficult to find information on private companies.